History of Mental Health Care (Important People)


1.
Sigmund Freud 1856- 1939
  • Father of Psychoanalysis
  • Structural theory of mind
  • Topographic theory of mind
  • Interpretation of Dreams”
2.
Alfred Adler
  • Importance of feelings of inferiority - the inferiority complex
  • Individual psychology
3.
Anna Freud (1895 –1982)
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Object Relational Theory
  • Child Psychiatry
4.
Erik Erikson (1902 -1994)
  • He coined the phrase identity crisis.
  • Erikson's theory of personality -Theory of psychosocial development
5.
Jean Piaget (1896 –1980) 
  • Cognitive development theory
  • Developmental psychologist
6.
Abraham Harold Maslow (1908 –1970)
  • American psychologist
  •  Maslow's hierarchy of needs
7.
Carl Rogers (1902 –1987)
  • Psychotherapy and counseling
  • Client-centered therapy
8.
B. F. Skinner (1904 –1990)
  • Concept of reinforcement and operant conditioning
9.
Eugen Bleuler (1857 -1939)
  • Coined the term "schizophrenia."
  • 4 ‘A’s & secondary symptoms
10.
Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926)
  • Dementia precox & Manic depressive psychosis (MDP)
  • Psychiatric methodology
11.
Harry Stack Sullivan (1892- 1949)
  • The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry
12.
Kurt Schneider (1887 –1967
  • First Rank Symptoms of Schizophrenia
13.
John Bowlby (1907 - 1990)
  • Attachment theory & Grief theory
14.
John F Cade  (1912 –1980)
  • Discovered (in 1948) the effects of lithium carbonate as a mood stabilizer
15.
Joseph Wolpe  (1915- 1997)
  • Behaviour therapy: Systematic desensitization
16.
Aaron T. Beck
  • Cognitive  therapy
17.
Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857 -1940)
  • Malarial therapy in General Paresis of Insane
18.
Ugo Cerletti   (1877 - 1963)
  • Discovered the method of electroconvulsive therapy ECT
19.
Arvid Carlsson (1923-)
  • Swedish scientist, in 1957 he demonstrated that dopamine was a neurotransmitter in the brain which is implicated in psychosis
20.
Egas Moniz (1874 –1955)
  • Founder of psychosurgery  & cerebral angiography.
  • Nobel Prize in 1949
21.
Maxwell Jones
  • Therapeutic Community
22.
Karl Jaspers
  • Phenomenology
23.
Karl Leonhard
  • Schizoaffective disorder
24.
Jacob Moreno -
  • Psychodrama
25.
Kubler Ross (1926-2004)
  • Stages of grief
26.
Leo Kanner (1894 –1981)
  • Childhood Autism
28.
Ivan Pavlov (1849 –1936 )
  • Classical Conditioning
29.
Clifford Beers (1876 – 1943)
  • The founder of the American mental hygiene movement.
  •  A Mind That Found Itself (1908), an autobiographical is an account of his  hospitalization
30.
Philippe Pinel (1745 –1826)
  • French physician known for humane psychological approach care of psychiatric patients & “moral therapy”
31.
William Tuke (1732 – 1822)
  • English businessman, philanthropist
  • He started the York Retreat in 1796 for humane care of people with mental disorders
32.
John Conolly (1830),
  • removed restraints at the Hanwell Asylum
33
William Cullen
  • Coined the term “neurosis”
34.
Hildegard Peplau (1909 -1999)
  • Interpersonal Theory of Nursing
35.
Linda Richards  (1841 –1930)
  • First psychiatric nurse, who set up nurse-training schools in several hospitals for mentally ill patients.
36.
Alois Alzheimer (1864–1915),
  • Alzheimer's disease
37.
Franz Mesmer (1734–1815)
  • Mesmerism
38.
William Battie, (1758).
  • The first text  book on psychiatric conditions  - Treatise on Madness 
39.
Kahlbaum (1874)
  • described catatonia
40.
Hecker
  • described hebephrenia
41.
Jean-Etienne Esquirol (1772–1840)
  • Coined the term hallucination
42.
Georges Gilles de la Tourette
  • Tourette’s disorder (tics and compulsive coprolalia).
43.
Kurt Schnider
  • First Rank symptoms of schizophrenia
44.
Benjamin Rush, (1745- 1813)
  • Father of American Psychiatry
  • Emblem of American Association of Psychiatry bears his portrait.
45.
David T Wong (1940-
  • Discovered fluoxetine
46.
Herbert Y Meltzer (1932-
  • Clozapine
47.
Carl Wernike (1848-1950)
  • Aphasia, language
48.
Korbian Broadman (1868-1918)
  • Cytoarchitecture  -  definition of the cerebral cortex into 52 distinct regions
49.
Sergi Korsakove (1853-1900)
  • Korsakove’s psychosis
50.
Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893)
  • Explained hysteria as a condition
51.
Carl Gustav Jung (1875-
  • Introversion & extroversion
52.
Hans Berger (1873 –1941)
  •  Electroencephalography (EEG)
References
  1. Psychiatry, Third Edition. Edited by Allan Tasman, Jerald Kay, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Michael B. First and Mario Maj. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008.
  2. Sims, A. Symptoms in the Mind: An Introduction to Descriptive Psychopathology (3rd ed). Elsevier, 2002.
  3. Fish, F. Clinical Psychopathology, Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry. Bristol: J. Wright & Sons. 1967.

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