Nursing Path

CARING is the essence of NURSING. -Jean Watson

Nursing Path

Knowing is not enough, we must APPLY. Willing is not enough, we must DO. -Bruce Lee

Nursing Path

Treat the patient as a whole, not just the hole in the patient.

Nursing Path

Success is not final. Failure is not fatal. It is the courage to continue that counts. -Winston Churchill

Nursing Path

A problem is a chance for you to do your best. -Duke Ellington

Communication in Nursing

Communication
  1. Is the means to establish a helping-healing relationship. All behavior communication influences behavior.
  2. Communication is essential to the nurse-patient relationship for the following reasons:
  3. Is the vehicle for establishing a therapeutic relationship.
  4. It the means by which an individual influences the behavior of another, which leads to the successful outcome of nursing intervention.
Basic Elements of the Communication Process
  1. Sender – is the person who encodes and delivers the message
  2. Messages – is the content of the communication. It may contain verbal, nonverbal, and symbolic language.
  3. Receiver – is the person who receives the decodes the message.
  4. Feedback – is the message returned by the receiver. It indicates whether the meaning of the sender’s message was understood.
Modes of Communication
  1. Verbal Communication – use of spoken or written words.
  2. Nonverbal Communication – use of gestures, facial expressions, posture/gait, body movements, physical appearance and body language
Characteristics of Good Communication
  1. Simplicity – includes uses of commonly understood, brevity, and completeness.
  2. Clarity – involves saying what is meant. The nurse should also need to speak slowly and enunciate words well.
  3. Timing and Relevance – requires choice of appropriate time and consideration of the client’s interest and concerns. Ask one question at a time and wait for an answer before making another comment.
  4. Adaptability – Involves adjustments on what the nurse says and how it is said depending on the moods and behavior of the client.
  5. Credibility – Means worthiness of belief. To become credible, the nurse requires adequate knowledge about the topic being discussed. The nurse should be able to provide accurate information, to convey confidence and certainly in what she says.
Communicating With Clients Who Have Special Needs
1. Clients who cannot speak clearly (aphasia, dysarthria, muteness)
  1. Listen attentively, be patient, and do not interrupt.
  2. Ask simple question that require “yes” and “no” answers.
  3. Allow time for understanding and response.
  4. Use visual cues (e.g., words, pictures, and objects)
  5. Allow only one person to speak at a time.
  6. Do not shout or speak too loudly.
  7. Use communication aid:Pad and felt-tipped pen, magic slate, pictures denoting basic needs, call bells or alarm.
2. Clients who are cognitively impaired
  1. Reduce environmental distractions while conversing.
  2. Get client’s attention prior to speaking
  3. Use simple sentences and avoid long explanation.
  4. Ask one question at a time
  5. Allow time for client to respond
  6. Be an attentive listener
  7. Include family and friends in conversations, especially in subjects known to client.
3. Client who are unresponsive
  1. Call client by name during interactions
  2. Communicate both verbally and by touch
  3. Speak to client as though he or she could hear
  4. Explain all procedures and sensations
  5. Provide orientation to person, place, and time
  6. Avoid talking about client to others in his or her presence
  7. Avoid saying things client should not hear
4. Communicating with hearing impaired client
  1. Establish a method of communication (pen/pencil and paper, sign-language)
  2. Pay attention to client’s non-verbal cues
  3. Decrease background noise such as television
  4. Always face the client when speaking
  5. It is also important to check the family as to how to communicate with the client
  6. It may be necessary to contact the appropriate department resource person for this type of disability
5. Client who do not speak English
  1. Speak to client in normal tone of voice (shouting may be interpreted as anger)
  2. Establish method for client o signal desire to communicate (call light or bell)
  3. Provide an interpreter (translator) as needed
  4. Avoid using family members, especially children, as interpreters.
  5. Develop communication board, pictures or cards.
  6. Have dictionary (English/Spanish) available if client can read.
Reports
  • Are oral, written, or audiotape exchanges of information between caregivers.
Common reports
  1. Change-in-shift report
  2. Telephone report
  3. Telephone or verbal orders – only RN’s are allowed to accept telephone orders.
  4. Transfer report
  5. Incident report
Documentation
  1. Is anything written or printed that is relied on as record or proof for authorized person.
  2. Nursing documentation must be:
    • accurate
    • comprehensive
    • flexible enough to retrieve critical data, maintain continuity of care, track client outcomes, and reflects current standards of nursing practice
  3. Effective documentation ensures continuity of care saves time and minimizes the risk of error.
  4. As members of the health care team, nurses need to communicate information about clients accurately and in timely manner
  5. If the care plan is not communicated to all members of the health care team, care can become fragmented, repetition of tasks occurs, and therapies may be delayed or omitted.
  6. Data recorded, reported, or communicated to other health care professionals are CONFIDENTIAL and must be protected.
Confidentiality
  1. Nurses are legally and ethically obligated to keep information about clients confidential.
  2. Nurses may not discuss a client’s examination, observation, conversation, or treatment with other clients or staff not involved in the client’s care.
  3. Only staff directly involved in a specific client’s care has legitimate access to the record.
  4. Clients frequently request copies of their medical record, and they have the right to read those records.
  5. Nurses are responsible for protecting records from all unauthorized readers.
  6. When nurses and other health care professionals have a legitimate reason to use records for data gathering, research, or continuing education, appropriate authorization must be obtained according to agency policy.
  7. Maintaining confidentiality is an important aspect of profession behavior.
  8. It is essential that the nurse safe-guard the client’ right to privacy by carefully protecting information of a sensitive, private nature.
  9. Sharing personal information or gossiping about others violates nursing ethical codes and practice standards.
  10. It sends the message that the nurse cannot be trusted and damages the interpersonal relationships.
Guidelines of Quality Documentation and Reporting
  1. Factual
    1. A record must contain descriptive, objective information about what a nurse sees, hears, feels, and smells.
    2. The use of vague terms, such as appears, seems, and apparently, is not acceptable because these words suggest that the nurse is stating an opinion.
      1. Example:“The client seems anxious” (the phrase seems anxious is a conclusion without supported facts.)
  2. Accurate
    1. The use of exact measurements establishes accuracy. (example: “Intake of 350 ml of water” is more accurate than “ the client drank an adequate amount of fluid”
    2. Documentation of concise data is clear and easy to understand.
    3. It is essential to avoid the use of unnecessary words and irrelevant details
  3. Complete
    1. The information within a recorded entry or a report needs to be complete, containing appropriate and essential information.
      1. Example:The client verbalizes sharp, throbbing pain localized along lateral side of right ankle, beginning approximately 15 minutes ago after twisting his foot on the stair. Client rates pain as 8 on a scale of 0-10.
  4. Current
    1. Timely entries are essential in the client’s ongoing care. To increase accuracy and decrease unnecessary duplication, many healthcare agencies use records kept near the client’s bedside, which facilitate immediate documentation of information as it is collected from a client
  5. Organized
    1. The nurse communicates information in a logical order.
      1. Example: An organized note describes the client’s pain, nurse’s assessment, nurse’s interventions, and the client’s response
Legal Guidelines for Recording
  1. Draw single line through error, write word error above it and sign your name or initials. Then record note correctly.
  2. Do not write retaliatory or critical comments about the client or care by other health care professionals.
    • Enter only objective descriptions of client’s behavior; client’s comments should be quoted.
  3. Correct all errors promptly
    • Errors in recording can lead to errors in treatment
    • Avoid rushing to complete charting, be sure information is accurate.
  4. Do not leave blank spaces in nurse’s notes.
    • Chart consecutively, line by line; if space is left, draw line horizontally through it and sign your name at end.
  5. Record all entries legibly and in blank ink
    • Never use pencil, felt pen.
    • Blank ink is more legible when records are photocopied or transferred to microfilm.
    • Legal Guidelines for Recording
  6. If order is questioned, record that clarification was sought.
    • If you perform orders known to be incorrect, you are just as liable for prosecution as the physician is.
  7. Chart only for yourself
    • Never chart for someone else.
    • You are accountable for information you enter into chart.
  8. Avoid using generalized, empty phrases such as “status unchanged” or “had good day”.
    • Begin each entry with time, and end with your signature and title.
    • Do not wait until end of shift to record important changes that occurred several hours earlier. Be sure to sign each entry.
  9. For computer documentation keep your password to yourself.
    • Maintain security and confidentiality.
    • Once logged into the computer do not leave the computer screen unattended.

Communication

Definition
  • It is the process of exchanging information or feelings between two or more people. It is a basic component of human relationship, including nursing.
The Communication process
Referent
  • Or stimulus motivates a person to communicate with another. It may be an object, emotion, idea or act.
Sender
  • Also called the encoder, is the person who initiates the interpersonal communication or message
Message
  • The information that is sent or expressed by the sender.
Channels
  • It means, conveying messages such as through visual, auditory and tactile senses.
Receiver
  • Also called the decoder, is the person to whom the message is sent
Feedback
  • Helps to reveal whether the meaning of the message is received
The Communication Process
Modes of Communication
Verbal communication– uses the spoken or written word
1. Pace and Intonation
  • The manner of speech, as in the pace or rhythm and intonation, will modify the feeling and impact of the message. For example, speaking slowly and softly to an excited client may help calm the client.
2. Simplicity
  • Includes the use of commonly understood words, brevity, and completeness.
  • Nurses need to learn to select appropriate, understandable terms based on the age, knowledge, culture and education of the client. For example, instead of saying to a client, “the nurses will be catheterizing you tomorrow for a urinalysis”, I would be more appropriate to say, “Tomorrow we need to get a sample of your urine, so we will collect it by putting a small tube into your bladder”.
3. Clarity and Brevity
  • A message that is direct and simple will be more effective. Clarity is saying precisely what is meant, and brevity is using the fewest words necessary.
  • The goal is to communicate clearly so that all aspects of a situation or circumstances are understood. To ensure clarity in communication, nurses also need to speak slowly and enunciate carefully.
4. Timing and Relevance
  • No matter how clearly or simply words are stated or written, the timing needs to be appropriate to ensure that words are heard.
  • This involves sensitivity to the client’s needs and concerns. E.g., a client who is enmeshed in fear of cancer may not hear the nurse’s explanations about the expected procedures before and after gallbladder surgery.
5. Adaptability
  • What the nurse says and how it is said must be individualized and carefully considered. E.g., a nurse who usually smiles, appears cheerful, and greets his clients with an enthusiastic “Hi, Mrs. Jones!” notices that the client is not smiling and appears distressed. It is important for the nurse to then modify his tone of speech and express concern in his facial expression while moving toward the client.
6. Credibility
  • Means worthiness of belief, trustworthiness, and reliability. Nurses foster credibility by being consistent, dependable, and honest.
  • Nurses should convey confidence and certainly in what they are saying, while being to acknowledge their limitations (e.g., “I don’t know the answer to that, but I will find someone who does”.
7. Humor
  • The use of humor can be a positive and powerful tool in nurse- client relationship, but it must be used with care. When using humor, it is important to consider the client’s perception of what is considered humorous.
Non-verbal Communication– uses other forms, such as gestures or facial expressions, and touch.
1. Personal Appearance
  • When the symbolic meaning of an object is unfamiliar the nurse can inquire about its significance, which may foster rapport with the client.
  • How a person dresses is often an indicator of how person feels. E.g. For acutely ill clients n hospital or home care settings, a change in grooming habits may signal that the client is feeling better. A man may request a shave, or a woman may request a shampoo and some makeup.
2. Posture and Gait
  • The ways people walk and carry themselves are often reliable indicators of self-concept, current mood, and health. Erect posture and an active, purposeful stride suggest a feeling of well being. Slouched posture and slow, shuffling gait suggest depression or physical discomfort.
  • The nurse clarifies the meaning of the observed behavior, e.g. “You look like it really hurts you to move. I’m wondering how your pain is and if you might need something to make you more comfortable?”
3. Facial Expression
  • No part of the body is as expressive as the face
  • Although he face may express the person’s genuine emotions, it is also possible to control these muscles so the emotion expresses does not reflect what the person is feeling. When the message is not clear, it is important to get feedback to be sure of the intent of expression.
  • Nurses need to be aware of their own expressions and what they are communicating to others. It is impossible to control all facial expression, but the nurse must learn to control expressions of feelings such as fear or disgust in some circumstances.
  • Eye contact is another essential element of facial communication
4. Gesture
  • Hand and body gestures may emphasize and clarify the spoken word, or they may occur without words to indicate a particular feeling or give a sign
Electronic Communication– many health care agencies are moving toward electronic medical records where nurses document their assessments and nursing care.
E-mail
  • Most common form of electronic communication.
  • Advantage: It is fast, efficient way to communicate and it is legible. It provides a record of the date and time of the message that was sent or received.
  • Disadvantage: risk of confidentiality
  • When Not to Use Email:
a. When information is urgent
b. Highly confidential information (e.g. HIV status, mental health, chemical dependency)
c. Abnormal lab data
  • Agencies usually develop standards and guidelines in use of e-mail
Factors Influencing the Communication Process
1. Development
  • Language, psychosocial, and intellectual development move through stages across the lifespan.
2. Gender
  • Girls tend to use language to seek confirmation, minimize differences, and establish intimacy. Boys use language to establish independence and negotiate status within a group.
3. Values and Perception
  • Values are the standards that influence behavior, and perceptions are the personal view of event.
4. Personal Space
  • Personal space is the distance people prefer in interactions with others.
  • Proxemics is the study of distance between people in their interactions
  • Communication 4 distances:
a. Intimate: Touching to 1 ½
b. Personal: 1 ½ to 4 feet
c. Social: 4 to 12 feet
d. Public: 12 to 15 feet
5. Territoriality
  • Is a concept of the space and things that an individual considers as belonging to the self
6. Roles and Relationships
  • Choice of words, sentence structure, and tone of voice vary considerably from role to role. (E.g. nursing student to instructor, client and primary care provider, or parent and child).
7. Environment
  • People usually communicate most effectively in a comfortable environment.
8. Congruence
  • The verbal and nonverbal aspects of message match. E.g., when teaching a client how to care for a colostomy, the nurse might say, “You won’t have any problem with this.” However, if the nurse looks worried or disgusted while saying this, the client is less likely to trust the nurse’s words.
9. Interpersonal Attitudes
  • Attitudes convey beliefs, thoughts, and feelings about people and events.
  • Caring and warmth convey a feeling of emotional closeness
  • Respect is an attitude that emphasizes the other person’s worth and individuality. A nurse coveys respect by listening open mindedly even if the nurse disagrees.Acceptance emphasizes neither approval nor disapproval .The nurse willingly receives the client’s honest feelings.

Cleaning Sputum Cups

I. Equipment:
  • Tray with big basin of disinfectant solution. Creosol solution 5%.
  • Medicine glass
  • A pitcher of 1% creosol solution
  • Sputum cup brush
  • Several pieces of dusting cloth
  • Sapolio or Cleanser
  • Short-sleeved gown
sputum cup
II. Procedure:
  1. Put on the gown.
  2. Collect all the sputum cups in a tray.
  3. Empty their contents into the hopper. Wash with cold water. Rinse with hot water. Use brush p.r.n.
  4. Place cup in basin of disinfectant solution of 5% Creosol solution for 2 hours.
  5. Remove after, clean inside and out with soapy warm water. Remove stains.
  6. Rinse with hot water and dry the outside.
  7. Fill each sputum cup with 50 cc of 1% of Creosol solution and place in the trays, distribute back to each patient.
  8. For children and delirious patients, do not put Creosol solution inside their sputum cups

Cleaning Bedpans and Urinals

I. Equipment:
  1. Tray with bedpan brush, bedpan swab
  2. Short-sleeved gown
  3. Can of disinfectant solution
  4. Soap or any cleanser
  5. Several pieces of dusting cloth
Cleaning Bedpans and Urinals
Cleaning Bedpans and Urinals
II. Procedure for Cleaning Bedpans and Urinals
  1. Put on the short-sleeved gown
  2. Collect the bedpans
  3. Empty the contents one by one into the hoper. Wash with clean cold water. Use brush p.r.n. Follow with hot water.
  4. Put the bedpan in the scan of disinfectant
  5. Remove after, wash inside and outside with warm soapy water. Remove any stains using the cleanser
  6. Rinse with hot water
  7. Wipe to dry with the bedpan wiper and hang it at the bedpan rack.

Charting

Purpose of Charting:
To make record of—
  1. The significant observation of the patient’s condition both mental and physical.
  2. The medication, treatment, diets and nursing care given and the reaction of the patient to this care.
  3. The incident which might have some bearing on the patient’s condition.
General Rules for Charting:
  1. All recording on the chart must be printed, except the written signature of the nurse.
  2. The written signature of the nurse should consist of her initial of first name and fill last name.
    (a) The signature should stand alone on the line just below the notations recorded by her.
    (b) The signature of the nurse should be of a size that will insure legibility without attracting attention.
  3. A nurse making a series of statements or notations signs for the series and not for each individual statement or notation.
  4. The nurse should not go “off duty” without making the necessary notations on the charts of each patient assigned to her to cover the time of the assignment.
  5. All recording on the chart should be neat, legible, intelligent and meaningful.
  6. Statements must be accurate, relevant and concise.
    (a) Terse statements instead of complete sentence are used.
    (b) Correct spelling and only acceptable and official abbreviations are to be used.
  7. Authentic recording is essential as a chart often plays an important part in the presentation of court evidence.
  8. Print the proper headings for all new pages or sheets to be added to the chart using blue or black ink.
  9. Keep all recordings within limits provided by the pale. Begin each separate notation on the horizontal lines where it intersects the vertical limiting lines.
  10. Do not use ornamental lettering for recording on the chart.
  11. Blue or black ink should be used for recording between the hours of 7:00am to 11:00pm.
  12. Red ink should be used for recording between the hours of 11:00pm to 7:00am.
  13. The midnight lines are to be drawn in red ink. Write the date and the day of the new day between the midnight lines.
  14. In the hour column, record the time of treatment, medication, appearance of symptoms, doctor’s visit, etc.
  15. In the “observations” column:
    (a) Record any of all symptoms, complaints or change in the condition of the patient.
    (b) Record all start and p.r.n. treatments and medications given.
    (c) Record the results and effects of the medications and treatments.
    (d) Record routine nursing procedures involved in the care of the patient.
    (e) Record each time the attending physician visits the patient.
  16. Never print the word patient when charting. The chart in itself is a record for the individual patient and all notations are in regard to the person for whom the record is kept.
  17. Do not write the orders of the doctor as “Dr. Smith ordered backrest elevated two inches.”
  18. Arrange the different sheets on the chart in correct order.
  19. Errors in charting:
    (a) Do not erase errors made in charting
    (b) When an error has been made, draw a line through the error from the upper left hand corner to the lower right hand corner to inchide the necessary space containing the error and write the word “ERROR” under which the nurse signs her name.
    (c) An error in charting should not necessarily invoke recopying of the entire page. Consult the supervisor or headnurse before copying a page on which you have made an error. It is necessary to recopy, the original page must be filed at the back of the chart.
General Rules for Printing:
  1. Printing is the most consistently legible of all forms of writing for that reason should be used for recording on hospital charts.
  2. Print well formed, individual letters in each ward.
  3. Properly space all printed letters and words.
  4. Do not use more than one space for each letter, regardless of the shape of that letter.
  5. Separate printed words by a space the size of single letter.
  6. Do not use unnecessary curves tails or fancy strokes in making the printed letters.
  7. Make all printed letters stand erect.
  8. To avoid illegibility, do not make too much of a forward backward slant to the letters.
  9. Make all printed letters conform in appearance to those in the sample alphabet.
  10. Make each printed letter rest on the line.
  11. Always make the small letter 2/3 the height of capital ones.
  12. Make the letter “U” curved at the bottom, make the letter “V” with art acute angle at the bottom.
  13. Cross the letter “t”, horizontally at the upper third of its height.
  14. Make the use of the word “bed” to remember on which side of the stem to make the loop for the letters “b” and “d”.
  15. For practice in printing use only those letters which are illustrated in the sample alphabet.
  16. Print numbers that are to be used in charting as well as letters.
Example of Data to be Charted:
1. All doctor’s orders.
(a) Medicines given, the time at which they are, and when, used to relieve a condition that should respond to treatment within a short time.
(b) Inspections, or punctures done, time result, and by whom.
(c) Treatment given, time and effect on patient’s condition during or after the treatment, or results of flow in cases or irrigations, etc.
(d) Operation delivery, kinds, time, TPR after.
2. When recording the dressing of wound, state condition of the letter, if there is discharge, mention and change in the treatment or dressing by whom and time.
3. Symptoms
a. Subjective
b. Objectives:
(b1)All conditions that call for particularly careful attention to their record e.g. following surgical operation or X-ray or other treatment that may-have harmful effects, accidents, chills, convulsions and when patient is very ill.
(b2)Menstruation.
(b3)Nature of excreta or order discharges, etc.
4. Amount of sleep.
5. Appetite and amount of food taken.

Changing the Position of the Patient

I. In Dorsal Recumbent Position:
  1. Arrange the pillows in the order to support the weight of the shoulders and head.
  2. Relieve strain on the muscles of the back by supporting it, fill in the hollows with small pillows, small pads, or a hot water bottle partially filled with warm water.
  3. Relieve strain on the abdominal muscles and on tendons under the knees. Support with the knee rest provided on the Gatch bed or with a pillow.
II. Turning to One Side:
A. To turn the patient toward you:
  1. Move the patient to the side of the bed away from you by putting your forearms under the body then sliding first the head and shoulders, next the hips then legs across the bed.
  2. Place one of your arms across the patient’s back reaching from the far side to the side nearer you and the other arm across his hips on the same way.
  3. Lift and turn him gently toward you to the middle of the bed.
  4. See that the head, shoulders and hips are properly adjusted, that the neck and shoulders are not cramped and the arms are not pinned under the body.
  5. Flex the knees with the upper leg flexed a little more than the lower leg.
  6. Support the legs by placing a pad or small pillow between them.
  7. Support the whole length of the back with pillows so that the patient can relax comfortably.
  8. A small pillow placed against the abdomen gives relief and comfort especially when the patient is suffering from gas pains.
B. To turn patient away from you:
  1. From the side nearest you, slip one arm under the patient’s shoulder reaching the far shoulder and place the other around the hips in the same way.
  2. Lift and draw his far side slightly toward you so that he is gradually turned away from you.

Changing Mainline IV Bag

  • Check physicians order.
  • Wash Hands.
  • Select correct solution (using 5 rights of drug administration).
    Remove outer wrap.
  • Inspect bag carefully for tears or leaks by applying gentle pressure to the bag.
  • Hold the bag up and examine for cloudiness, discoloration, or any foreign matter.
  • Label bag with patient’s name, date, time or according to agency policy.
  • Tape bag based on hourly flow rate and initial.
  • Identify patient, explain procedure and asses IV site.
  • Asses IV site again.
  • Discard old bag according to agency policy
  • Record I&O and IV solution according to agency policy.

Changing a Hospital Gown for a Client with an Intravenous Infusion

    Woman in hospital gown with IV pole walking in hospital hallway with healthcare provider.
  1. Slip the growth completely off the arm without the infusion and onto the tubing connected to the arm with the infusion.
  2. Holding the container above the client’s arm, slide the sleeve up over the container to remove the used gown.
  3. Place the clean gown sleeve for the arm with the infusion over the container as if it were an extension of the client’s arm, from the inside of the gown to the sleeve cuff.
  4. Rehang the container. Slide the gown carefully over the tubing toward the client’s hand.
  5. Guide the client’s arm and tubing into the sleeve, taking care not to pull on the tubing.
  6. Assist the client to put the other arm into the second sleeve of the gown, and fasten as usual.
  7. Count the rate of flow of the infusion to make sure it is correct before leaving the bedside.

Changing a Central Line Catheter Dressing

Sample Central Line Dressing Checklist
Critical Performance Elements YES NO
1. Gather all necessary equipment: roll of tape, label, and central line line dressing kit.

2. Wash hands. Explain procedure to the patient and/or significant others. Check for providone-iodine or tape allergy.

3. Organize supplies and equipment at bedside to decrease the   amount of time that site is open to air.

4. *** Open central line kit. Don mask. (Don gown if soiling is likely).

5. Place patient in supine position with head turned away from catheter insertion site to decrease potential for contamination by  patient’s secretions. Place a mask over the patient’s mouth and nose or sterile drape over ventilated or trached patient.

6. *** Don a pair of clean gloves.

7. Remove present dressing carefully to minimize trauma and prevent accidental dislodgment of catheter. Discard soiled dressing in proper trash receptacle.

8. Visually inspect the skin and catheter site for signs of infection, leakage, or other mechanical problems.

9. *** Remove soiled gloves and don sterile gloves.

10. *** Working in a circular motion from insertion site outward to edge of dressing border cleanse skin, insertion site, and distal portion of catheter with :a. Providone-iodine scrub swabsticks x 3 – to remove bacteria and fungi. b. Alcohol swabsticks x 3 – to remove the betadine scrub.
c. Betadine solution swabsticks x 3 to cover a 3″ x 6″ area from site to periphery- to provide protective barrier against pathogens. Blot excess or pooled solution. Allow to dry.
*** For patients with IODINE ALLERGY- If 4% chlorhexidine is used, remove it with alcohol swabs after a two to five minute dwell time.


11. If a tubing change is necessary:a. Instruct the patient to perform Valsalva maneuver or hold his/her breath (or immediately after a ventilator delivers a breath). b. Quickly disconnect and reconnect the IV tubing ensuring secure junction.

12. *** Dressing- may use elastoplast or occlusive dressing as follows:a. Elastoplast:
  • place folded 2×2 over insertion site to include sutures to prevent the tape/ elastoplast from sticking to the line and sutures.
  • paint around the edges of the gauze with skin prep and allow to dry.
  • cut elastoplast to fit over insertion site and sutures.
  • apply elastoplast and secure edges with tape.
b. Occlusive Dressing- (Tegaderm):
  • do not use 2×2
  • skin prep is optional
  • apply occlusive dressing according to manufacturer’s guidelines.


13. *** Loop and secure IV tubing to dressing and arm or chest.

14. *** Label dressing with time, date of dressing change and insertion, and initials.

15. Discard supplies used. Wash hands.

17. *** Document the dressing change, the condition of the insertion site on nursing note and flow sheet. Document any problems encountered in nursing progress notes on.

NOTE: If 2×2 gauze used after initial insertion under occlusive (Tegaderm) dressing, dressing must be changed in 24 hours.


*** Must perform these critical elements for successful completion.
Changing and flushing a central line access cap
  • Check client’s chart and care plan to determine time of last access cap change.
  • Identify client
  • Explain procedure to client and provide privacy
  • Gather equipment
  • Wash your hand and don gloves
  • Repeat procedure with the remaining access caps
  • Remove gloves and wash hands

MCQ. Fundamentals of Nursing Practice 1

1. Using the principles of standard precautions, the nurse would wear gloves in what nursing interventions?
  1. Providing a back massage
  2. Feeding a client
  3. Providing hair care
  4. Providing oral hygiene
2. The nurse is preparing to take vital sign in an alert client admitted to the hospital with dehydration secondary to vomiting and diarrhea. What is the best method used to assess the client’s temperature?
  1. Oral
  2. Axillary
  3. Radial
  4. Heat sensitive tape
3. A nurse obtained a client’s pulse and found the rate to be above normal. The nurse document this findings as:
  1. Tachypnea
  2. Hyper pyrexia
  3. Arrythmia
  4. Tachycardia
4. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to use a wide base support when assisting a client to get up in a chair?
  1. Bend at the waist and place arms under the client’s arms and lift
  2. Face the client, bend knees and place hands on client’s forearm and lift
  3. Spread his or her feet apart
  4. Tighten his or her pelvic muscles
5. A client had oral surgery following a motor vehicle accident. The nurse assessing the client finds the skin flushed and warm. Which of the following would be the best method to take the client’s body temperature?
  1. Oral
  2. Axillary
  3. Arterial line
  4. Rectal
6. A client who is unconscious needs frequent mouth care. When performing a mouth care, the best position of a client is:
  1. Fowler’s position
  2. Side lying
  3. Supine
  4. Trendelenburg
7. A client is hospitalized for the first time, which of the following actions ensure the safety of the client?
  1. Keep unnecessary furniture out of the way
  2. Keep the lights on at all time
  3. Keep side rails up at all time
  4. Keep all equipment out of view
8. A walk-in client enters into the clinic with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and diarrhea. The nurse takes the client’s vital sign hereafter. What phrase of nursing process is being implemented here by the nurse?
  1. Assessment
  2. Diagnosis
  3. Planning
  4. Implementation
9. It is best describe as a systematic, rational method of planning and providing nursing care for individual, families, group and community
  1. Assessment
  2. Nursing Process
  3. Diagnosis
  4. Implementation
10. Exchange of gases takes place in which of the following organ?
  1. Kidney
  2. Lungs
  3. Liver
  4. Heart
11. The Chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs is the?
  1. Left atrium
  2. Right atrium
  3. Left ventricle
  4. Right ventricle
12. A muscular enlarge pouch or sac that lies slightly to the left which is used for temporary storage of food…
  1. Gallbladder
  2. Urinary bladder
  3. Stomach
  4. Lungs
13. The ability of the body to defend itself against scientific invading agent such as baceria, toxin, viruses and foreign body
  1. Hormones
  2. Secretion
  3. Immunity
  4. Glands
14. Hormones secreted by Islets of Langerhans
  1. Progesterone
  2. Testosterone
  3. Insulin
  4. Hemoglobin
15. It is a transparent membrane that focuses the light that enters the eyes to the retina.
  1. Lens
  2. Sclera
  3. Cornea
  4. Pupils
16. Which of the following is included in Orem’s theory?
  1. Maintenance of a sufficient intake of air
  2. Self perception
  3. Love and belonging
  4. Physiologic needs
17. Which of the following cluster of data belong to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
  1. Love and belonging
  2. Physiologic needs
  3. Self actualization
  4. All of the above
18. This is characterized by severe symptoms relatively of short duration.
  1. Chronic Illness
  2. Acute Illness
  3. Pain
  4. Syndrome
19. Which of the following is the nurse’s role in the health promotion
  1. Health risk appraisal
  2. Teach client to be effective health consumer
  3. Worksite wellness
  4. None of the above
20. It is describe as a collection of people who share some attributes of their lives.
  1. Family
  2. Illness
  3. Community
  4. Nursing
21. Five teaspoon is equivalent to how many milliliters (ml)?
  1. 30 ml
  2. 25 ml
  3. 12 ml
  4. 22 ml
22. 1800 ml is equal to how many liters?
  1. 1.8
  2. 18000
  3. 180
  4. 2800
23. Which of the following is the abbreviation of drops?
  1. Gtt.
  2. Gtts.
  3. Dp.
  4. Dr.
24. The abbreviation for micro drop is…
  1. µgtt
  2. gtt
  3. mdr
  4. mgts
25. Which of the following is the meaning of PRN?
  1. When advice
  2. Immediately
  3. When necessary
  4. Now
26. Which of the following is the appropriate meaning of CBR?
  1. Cardiac Board Room
  2. Complete Bathroom
  3. Complete Bed Rest
  4. Complete Board Room
27. 1 tsp is equals to how many drops?
  1. 15
  2. 60
  3. 10
  4. 30
28. 20 cc is equal to how many ml?
  1. 2
  2. 20
  3. 2000
  4. 20000
29. 1 cup is equals to how many ounces?
  1. 8
  2. 80
  3. 800
  4. 8000
30. The nurse must verify the client’s identity before administration of medication. Which of the following is the safest way to identify the client?
  1. Ask the client his name
  2. Check the client’s identification band
  3. State the client’s name aloud and have the client repeat it
  4. Check the room number
31. The nurse prepares to administer buccal medication. The medicine should be placed…
  1. On the client’s skin
  2. Between the client’s cheeks and gums
  3. Under the client’s tongue
  4. On the client’s conjuctiva
32. The nurse administers cleansing enema. The common position for this procedure is…
  1. Sims left lateral
  2. Dorsal Recumbent
  3. Supine
  4. Prone
33. A client complains of difficulty of swallowing, when the nurse try to administer capsule medication. Which of the following measures the nurse should do?
  1. Dissolve the capsule in a glass of water
  2. Break the capsule and give the content with an applesauce
  3. Check the availability of a liquid preparation
  4. Crash the capsule and place it under the tongue
34. Which of the following is the appropriate route of administration for insulin?
  1. Intramuscular
  2. Intradermal
  3. Subcutaneous
  4. Intravenous
35. The nurse is ordered to administer ampicillin capsule TIP p.o. The nurse shoud give the medication…
  1. Three times a day orally
  2. Three times a day after meals
  3. Two time a day by mouth
  4. Two times a day before meals
36. Back Care is best describe as:
  1. Caring for the back by means of massage
  2. Washing of the back
  3. Application of cold compress at the back
  4. Application of hot compress at the back
37. It refers to the preparation of the bed with a new set of linens
  1. Bed bath
  2. Bed making
  3. Bed shampoo
  4. Bed lining
38. Which of the following is the most important purpose of handwashing
  1. To promote hand circulation
  2. To prevent the transfer of microorganism
  3. To avoid touching the client with a dirty hand
  4. To provide comfort
39. What should be done in order to prevent contaminating of the environment in bed making?
  1. Avoid funning soiled linens
  2. Strip all linens at the same time
  3. Finished both sides at the time
  4. Embrace soiled linen
40. The most important purpose of cleansing bed bath is:
  1. To cleanse, refresh and give comfort to the client who must remain in bed
  2. To expose the necessary parts of the body
  3. To develop skills in bed bath
  4. To check the body temperature of the client in bed
41. Which of the following technique involves the sense of sight?
  1. Inspection
  2. Palpation
  3. Percussion
  4. Auscultation
42. The first techniques used examining the abdomen of a client is:
  1. Palpation
  2. Auscultation
  3. Percussion
  4. Inspection
43. A technique in physical examination that is use to assess the movement of air through the tracheobronchial tree:
  1. Palpation
  2. Auscultation
  3. Inspection
  4. Percussion
44. An instrument used for auscultation is:
  1. Percussion-hammer
  2. Audiometer
  3. Stethoscope
  4. Sphygmomanometer
45. Resonance is best describe as:
  1. Sounds created by air filled lungs
  2. Short, high pitch and thudding
  3. Moderately loud with musical quality
  4. Drum-like
46. The best position for examining the rectum is:
  1. Prone
  2. Sim’s
  3. Knee-chest
  4. Lithotomy
47. It refers to the manner of walking
  1. Gait
  2. Range of motion
  3. Flexion and extension
  4. Hopping
48. The nurse asked the client to read the Snellen chart. Which of the following is tested:
  1. Optic
  2. Olfactory
  3. Oculomotor
  4. Trochlear
49. Another name for knee-chest position is:
  1. Genu-dorsal
  2. Genu-pectoral
  3. Lithotomy
  4. Sim’s
50. The nurse prepare IM injection that is irritating to the subcutaneous tissue. Which of the following is the best action in order to prevent tracking of the medication
  1. Use a small gauge needle
  2. Apply ice on the injection site
  3. Administer at a 45° angle
  4. Use the Z-track technique
Answers
  1. D. Providing oral hygiene 
  2. B. Axillary
  3. D. Tachycardia 
  4. B. Face the client, bend knees and place hands on client’s forearm and lift
  5. B. Axillary
  6. B. Side lying
  7. C. Keep side rails up at all time
  8. A. Assessment
  9. B. Nursing Process
  10. B. Lungs
  11. A. Left atrium
  12. C. Stomach
  13. C. Immunity
  14. C. Insulin
  15. C. Cornea
  16. A. Maintenance of a sufficient intake of air
  17. D. All of the above 
  18. B. Acute Illness
  19. B. Teach client to be effective health consumer
  20. C. Community
  21. B. 25 ml
  22. A. 1.8
  23. B. Gtts.
  24. A. µgtt
  25. C. When necessary
  26. C. Complete Bed Rest
  27. B. 60
  28. B. 20
  29. A. 8
  30. A. Ask the client his name
  31. B. Between the client’s cheeks and gums
  32. A. Sims left lateral
  33. C. Check the availability of a liquid preparation
  34. C. Subcutaneous
  35. A. Three times a day orally
  36. A. Caring for the back by means of massage
  37. B. Bed making
  38. B. To prevent the transfer of microorganism
  39. A. Avoid funning soiled linens
  40. A. To cleanse, refresh and give comfort to the client who must remain in bed
  41. A. Inspection
  42. D. Inspection 
  43. B. Auscultation
  44. C. Stethoscope
  45. A. Sounds created by air filled lungs
  46. C. Knee-chest
  47. A. Gait
  48. A. Optic
  49. B. Genu-pectoral
  50. D. Use the Z-track techniqu

Caring

Definition
  • Central to all helping professions, and enables persons to create meaning in their lives.
  • Means that people, relationships, and things matter
Nursing Theories of Caring
Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory (Leininger)
  • Based on transcultural nursing model
  • Transcultural nursing: a learned branch of nursing that focuses on the comparative study & analysis of cultures as they apply to nursing and health-illness practices, beliefs, and values
  • Goal of Transcultural Nursing: to provide care that is congruent with cultural values, beliefs, and practices
  • Cultures exhibit both diversity and universality
  • Diversity – perceiving, knowing, and practicing care in different ways
  • Universality – commonalities of care
  • Fundamental Theory Aspects – culture, care, cultural care, world view, folk health or well-being systems
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (Ray)
  • Ray’s theory focuses on caring in organizations (e.g. hospital) as cultures. The theory suggests that caring in nursing is contextual and is influenced by the organizational structure.
  • Example: ICU had a dominant value of technological caring (i.e., monitors, ventilators, treatments), Oncology unit had a value of a more intimate, spiritual caring (i.e., family focused, comforting, compassionate). Furthermore, the meaning of caring was further influenced by the role and position a person held. Staff nurses valued caring in terms of its relatedness to client, while administrator valued caring as system related.
  • Spiritual –ethical caring influences each of the aspects of the bureaucratic system (political, legal, economic,, educational, physiologic, social-cultural, and technological)
Caring, the Human Mode of Being (Roach)
  • Caring is the human mode of being, proposes that all persons are caring, and develop their caring abilities by being true to self.
  • Develop the Six C’s of Caring in Nursing:
Six C’s of Caring in Nursing
Compassion
  • Awareness of one’s relationship to others, sharing their joys, sorrows, pain, and accomplishments. Participation in the experience of another
Competence
  • Having the knowledge, judgment, skills, energy, experience, and motivation to respond adequately to others within the demands of professional responsibilities.
Confidence
  • The quality that fosters trusting relationships. Comfort with self, client, and family.
Conscience
  • Morals, ethics, and an informed sense of right and wrong. Awareness of personal responsibility.
Commitment
  • Convergence between one’s desires and obligations and the deliberate choice to act in accordance with them.
Comportment
  • Appropriate bearing, demeanor, dress, and language, that is in harmony with a caring presence. Presenting oneself as someone who respects others and demands respect.
Nursing as Caring (Boykin and Schoenhofer)
  • Suggests that the purpose of the discipline and profession of nursing is to know persons and nurture them as persons living in caring and growing in caring.
  • Similar to Roach idea that all persons are caring.
  • Caring in nursing is “an altruistic, active expression of love, and is the intentional and embodied recognition of value and connectedness”.
Theory of Human Care (Watson)
  • Human caring in nursing is not just an emotion, concern, attitude, or benevolent desire. Caring is a moral ideal of nursing whereby the end is protection, enhancement, and preservation of human dignity.
Theory of Caring (Swanson)
  • Caring involves 5 processes:
Process  Definition  Sub dimensions
Knowing Striving to understand an event as it has meaning in life of the other
  • Avoiding assumptions
  • Centering on the one cared
  • Assessing thoroughly
  • Seeing cues
  • Engaging the self of both
Being With Being emotionally present to other
  • Being there
  • Conveying ability
  • Sharing feelings
  • Not burdening
Doing For Doing for the other as he/she would do for the self if it were at all possible
  • Comforting
  • Anticipating
  • Performing
  • Competently/skillful
  • Protecting
  • Preserving dignity
Enabling Facilitating the other’s passage through life transitions and unfamiliar events
  • Informing/explaining
  • Supporting/allowing
  • Focusing
  • Generating
  • Alternative/thinking it through
  • Validating/giving feedback
Maintaining belief Sustaining faith in the other’s capacity to get through an event or transition and face a future meaning
  • Believing in/ holding in esteem
  • Maintaining a hope-filled attitude
  • Offering realistic optimism
  • “Going the distance”
The Primacy of Caring (Benner and Wrubel)
  • Caring is central to the essence of nursing. Caring creates the possibilities for coping and creates possibilities for connecting with and concern for others.
Caring for Self
Caring for self means taking the time to nurture oneself. This involves initiating and maintaining behaviors that promote healthy living and well-being.
  • A balanced diet
  • Regular exercise
  • Adequate rest and sleep
  • Recreational Activities
  • Meditation and prayer

Care of the Dead

I. Purpose
  1. To prepare the body for the morgue.
  2. To prevent discoloration or deformity of the body.
  3. To protect the body from post mortom discharge.
II. Equipments
Tray with:
  • Basin of warm water, a basin of lysol solution 2%
  • Soap in dish, pair of scissors, comb or brush
  • Bath towel and wash cloth
  • Surgical dressings p.r.n.
  • Mortuary pack: should, diaper sheet 2 death tags, non-absorbent cotton, pins, bandages, forceps.
  • Bed screen
III. Points to Remember
  1. Respect the dead body. Avoid unnecessary exposure and irrelevant conversations.
  2. The body should be identified properly.
  3. Clothing’s, jewelry and other valuables or belongings must be kept and cared for properly.
IV. Procedure
  1. The patient has pronounced dead by the doctor, place the body in dorsal position with only a small pillow under the head. Straighten
  2. See that dentures are placed in the mouth if patient has any
  3. Remove all appliances; catheters, drainage tubings, Venoclysis sets, etc.
  4. Close the eves and mouth when open.
  5. Eyes—bring upper lid down to the lower and apply gentle pressure over it for a while.
  6. Mouth—bring the jaws together by placing a rolled towel under the chin.
  7. Remove extra bed linen and camisa. Leave one sheet to cover the body.
  8. Bathe the body using the Lysol solution to rinse.
  9. Change surgical dressings p.r.n. Pack anus with cotton. Vagina (if female). If there is any discharge from the nose and mouth, pack them too. Use forceps.
  10. Place the diaper.
  11. Full hands over the chest. Pad wrists with cotton and the tie the 2 wrists together with bandage. Attach one tag to the wrist.
  12. Pad the ankles and tie them together.
  13. Put on the shroud. Wrap body with a sheet well. Attach the other tag at the center
  14. Cover the prepared body with a sheet and notify the head nurse or call for the messenger to take the body to the morgue.

NURSING RESEARCH STATEMENT

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING


  • ü  Effectiveness of selected relaxation techniques on the physiological Parameters of patients diagnosed with Bronchial Asthma in a selected hospital of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effectiveness of Planned teaching on knowledge of early signs immediate treatment of Myocardial infarction in selected high risk patients in a selected hospital of Mehasana City.
  • ü  Development and Evaluation of an information booklet on the knowledge and practice related to prevention of foot ulcers in cardiac patients with Diabetes Mellitus in a selected hospital of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge in patients with Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery regarding phases of cardiac rehabilitation in a selected hospital in Mehasana.
  • ü  Effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge regarding management of modifiable risk factors of coronary artery disease in patients newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in a selected hospital in Mehasana.
  • ü  Effectiveness of Planned teaching on selected aspects of Prevention of Nosocomial Infection for the staff nurses working in Intensive coronary care unit of selected hospitals in Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to determine the effectiveness of self instructional module on knowledge regarding medico legal aspects in care of cancer patient among nurses employed in selected hospitals of Mehasana
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of Yoga (Yoga-Nidra) on Health related quality of life among cancer patient undergoing Radiotherapy in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of structured education on knowledge regarding prevention of cervical cancer among ANM students in selected nursing institute of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of structured education on caregiver's knowledge and attitude regarding colostomy care of patient in selected cancer hospitals of Gujarat.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of structured education on knowledge and attitude about safety measures regarding handling of chemotherapy drugs among nurses in selected cancer hospital of Gujarat.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of structured education on knowledge and practice regarding venous access device care among staff nurses working at cancer units of selected hospitals of Gujarat.
  • ü  A descriptive Study to assess the hopelessness and depression among cancer patients in selected Hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation on pain among cancer patient in Manchiba Hospital, Bhandu, Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of topical application of pure honey on radiation-induced mucositis in patients undergoing Radiotherapy at selected hospitals of Gujarat.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of the structured education on knowledge and attitude regarding primary prevention of oral cancer among the students of selected Junior College of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching on the knowledge regarding Dengue fever among the students of standard 8 and 9 in the selected Government School of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching regarding adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the knowledge of college students in selected colleges of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching regarding knowledge of Glasgow coma scale among nurses working in Intensive care units and emergency department in a selected hospital of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the compliance of staff nurses to intrahospital transport protocol for critically ill adult patients in a selected hospital of Ahmadabad city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching on use of incentive spirometry in post operative compliance in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in selected hospital of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Survey on self-care practices of patients with Ischemic Heart Disease who are attending Cardiac OPD of selected hospitals Mehasana City.
  • ü  Effect of foot reflexology on performance of deep breathing and coughing exercises in patients after sternotomy in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of planned teaching on the knowledge regarding arterial blood gas interpretation and selected nursing measures among nurses working in intensive care unit of Selected Hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  Comparative study of perceived learning needs of convalescent patients after heart failure with that of nurses perception in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of planned teaching on knowledge regarding selected aspects of activities of daily among patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of planned teaching on knowledge regarding selected aspects of home management of patients after valve replacement surgery.
  • ü  Prevalence of varicose veins and its contributing factors among ICU nurses from selected Hospitals, of Mehasana, with a view to prepare an information booklet on prevention of varicose veins.
  • ü  Effect of planned teaching on the knowledge of nurses regarding selected aspects of post operative management of Thoracotomy in a selected hospital of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of cold application on selected side effects of injectable anti coagulants in hospitalized adult patients in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of communication Board on selected parameters of comfort in mechanically ventilated patients in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of foot massage on selected side effects of cancer chemotherapy in hospitalized adult patients of a selected hospital of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of Pre-operative orientation programme on pre and Post-operative anxiety of CABG patients in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  An Exploratory study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching on renal care among patients undergoing dialysis in medical wards of tertiary level hospital in Mehasana.
  • ü  A Descriptive study to assess the prevalence of drug non compliance among elderly population attending the ex-servicemen contributory health scheme of tertiary level hospital in Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of Music Therapy on Pre-operative anxiety of cataract patients undergoing cataract surgery in selected hospitals of Mehasana City.
  • ü  Effect of Reiki Therapy on pain reduction in terminally ill cancer patients of
    selected health care set-ups in Gujarat.
  • ü  Effect of basic life support training on knowledge skills and perceived control of immediate relatives of patients diagnosed with Ischemic heart disease admitted in selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  Assessment of knowledge and skills of critical care registered nurses on
    Isotropic drug calculation in order to prepare and validate a SIM.
  • ü  Assessment of risk factors for coronary artery diseases in employees of
    selected educational institutes of Mehasana city in view to prepare and validate SIM
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of information booklet on the
    knowledge regarding home care of patient diagnosed with bronchial asthma in selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching regarding
    Tracheotomy care on the knowledge of staff nurses working in selected
    hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on
    knowledge regarding basic life support among student nurses of first year
    post basic B.Sc. Nursing in selected nursing colleges of Mehasana Drastic.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of range of motion exercises on early
    ambulation of patients after abdominal surgery in selected hospitals of
    Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to compare the effectiveness of planned teaching programme
    versus CD ROM presentation about Angiography on the knowledge
    among the 1 st year post basic BSc nursing students of selected nursing
    colleges in Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of structured educational programme
    on knowledge regarding hospital waste management among staff nurses
    working in oncology units of selected hospitals of Gujarat.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of structured education programme on
    knowledge regarding non pharmacological management of nausea and
    vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy, among staff nurses
    working in oncology units of selected hospitals of Gujarat.
  • ü  A Quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of education and
    oncology units visits on knowledge and attitude regarding oral cancer
    among the gutka chewers in selected colleges in Mehasana District.
  • ü  A Descriptive study to assess the stressors faced by the caregivers of
    patients suffering from acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and their coping
    strategies in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  A study to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme on fatigue in
    patient receiving radiation therapy at selected hospitals of Gujarat.
  • ü  A Quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of structured
    education on knowledge and attitude regarding breast self examination
    among women in the textile processing industry in Gujarat.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of self instruction module on
    knowledge and practice regarding prevention of needle stick injuries
    among staff nurses of selected oncology units of Government Cancer Hospital Ahmadabad. 
  • ü  A study to evaluate the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge
    regarding self care during external radiation therapy among patients of
    selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  A descriptive study to assess the quality of life of colorectal cancer
    patients undergoing treatment in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  What is the effect of structured education programme regarding post
    mastectomy exercises on knowledge and practice among women
    undergoing mastectomy, in selected hospitals of Mehasana?
  • ü  A Study to assess the effect of Guided imagery on level of blood pressure in
    hypertensive senior citizen residing in selected old age homes of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to compare the knowledge and practices of nurses about Occupational Health Hazard in selected hospital of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to identify learning needs of the patients undergoing hemodialysis and to prepare and assess effectiveness of self instructional module for home management of patients.
  • ü  A Study to assess the side effects of chemotherapy and coping strategies
    adopted by patients admitted in selected hospital of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching program on the level of knowledge and attitude of first year B. Sc nursing students towards HIV/AIDS in Joitiba College of nursing, Bhandu.
  • ü  A Study to assess knowledge and compliance to lifestyle modifications and drug regimen in post operative cardiac surgery patients attending OPD in selected hospitals of Ahmadabad.
  • ü  Effect of Self instructional module on knowledge of Adolescents regarding
    modifiable risk factors of Hypertension in selected Junior Colleges of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of planned teaching on the knowledge and practice of selected aspects in prevention and management of hypertension among employees in selected offices in Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of planned teaching on knowledge regarding early ambulation of patient after cardiac surgery among staff nurses working in cardiac surgical care unit in selected hospital of Ahmadabad.
  • ü  Effect of Planned teaching on knowledge regarding prevention of myocardial infarction among police personnel in selected police stations of Mehasana.
  • ü  Comparative study on perceptions of family members of patient's admitted in intensive care units with that of nurse’s perceptions in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of Planned teaching regarding Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary
    Angioplasty (PTCA) on anxiety level of patients undergoing coronary angioplasty in a selected hospital of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of deep breathing on blood pressure in women with hypertension in
    selected community areas of Mehasana.
  • ü  Development of a communication board to identify needs of patients on
    mechanical ventilation post Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in selected
    hospitals of Ahmadabad.
  • ü  Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of staff Nurses on Intramuscular injections with a view to prepare a SIM in Civil Hospital of Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge and pre-procedure anxiety level of patients undergoing upper GI Endoscopy in selected Hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of an instructional programme on oral care on knowledge, attitude and practice on oral care among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in selected Cancer Hospital of Ahmadabad.
  • ü  A study to determine the Quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer receiving treatment in selected cancer hospitals, Gujarat.
  • ü  A study to assess the factors influencing prehospital delay in seeking medical treatment among patients with myocardial infarction admitted to selected Hospital, Mehasana.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of cryotherapy on pain experience during Arteroi Venous Fistula (AVF) puncturing among patients undergoing hemodialysis in selected hospitals of Gujarat State.
  • ü  A study to assess the coping strategies and its impact on the quality of life and disability in patients with psoriasis in selected Hospitals, Mehasana.
  • ü  Effectiveness of lecture cum demonstration on first aid for selected minor injuries among Accredited Social Health Activities (ASHA) in selected areas of Mehasana District
  • ü  A Study of prevalence of hypertension and lifestyle practices of school teachers of selected schools in Mehasana city, Gujarat.
  • ü  Effectiveness of multifaceted intervention on hand – hygiene practices among healthcare professionals and its impact on hospital- associated infection in the neonatal intensive care units of selected hospitals in Gujarat.
  • ü  Effectiveness of hydrotherapy as a complimentary therapy for patients with arthritis among selected rural areas of Mehasana District.
  • ü  The effectiveness of two different modalities of treatment in reducing the naturopathic symptoms and pain in the lower limbs among patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in a selected hospital in Mehasana.
  • ü  Effectiveness of a need based computer assisted education program (CAEP)) on Nursing management of post cardiac surgery clients for the registered nurses working in critical care units of a selected hospital in Ahmadabad.
  • ü  A study to assess the effectiveness of a competency program on CPR among staff nurses in selected hospitals in Mehasana District, Gujarat State.
  • ü  A comparative study of the effectiveness of two teaching methods for ‘cranial nerve assessments’, on knowledge and skill of undergraduate nursing students of selected nursing college of Mehasana district.
  • ü  An exploratory survey to identify individuals with hypertension and to find the effectiveness of an awareness program on hypertension in a selected village of Mehasana District, Gujarat.
  • ü  A study to assess the risk of deep vein thrombosis among patients admitted to civil hospital, Mehasana with a view to develop a protocol on Management and prevention of deep vein thrombosis.
  • ü  A study to identify the risk status of teachers for hypertension and effectiveness of a workshop on hypertension as an educational method for teachers of selected educational institutions of Mehasana District, Gujarat.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of improvised handing over technique over the traditional system among staff nurse in selected hospital of Gujarat State.
  • ü  A study to assess the effectiveness of postoperative arm massage for the reduction of pain and lymph edema, pain and disability in post-operative patients after mastectomy in selected hospitals of Mehasana District, Gujarat State.
  • ü  A study to assess the effectiveness of interpretive exercises in improving the interpretive ability of basic BSc. Nursing students in selected radio diagnostic images in a selected College of Nursing, Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to determine the prevalence & knowledge regarding low back pain among undergraduate nursing students at selected institutions of Mehasana District, Gujarat.
  • ü  The effectiveness of lumber support for the prevention of short-term backache among postoperative patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery under spinal anesthesia in selected hospitals of Mehasana district, Gujarat.
    COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
  • ü  Effectiveness of Planned teaching versus information booklet on knowledge and practices in management of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in selected areas of Mehasana.
  • ü  Study of assess the Emotional Problems and coping strategies of senior Citizens living in old age homes with a view of develop an information booklet in selected old age homes in Mehasana district.
  • ü  The effectiveness of planned health teaching on knowledge of women regarding cervical cancer in selected villages of Mehasana district.
  • ü  A Study of the knowledge of Practices of Female Health Worker in relation to selected aspects of Reproductive and Child Health Program in tribal area of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to assess the knowledge in relation to Anti Retroviral Treatment (ART) in the Patient Living With HIV-AIDS (PLHA) attending ART of Civil Hospital Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study of Knowledge and Practices of mothers of under 5 children in relation to care of diarrhea, who attending Pediatric OPD at Civil Hospital Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess of the effectiveness of planned teaching on the knowledge & practices of mothers regarding the prevention of Acute
    Respiratory infection in under five children in selected urban area of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effect of Tobacco handling on full term Pregnancy outcome among Bidi workers delivered in General Hospital, Ahmadabad.
  • ü  Effect of information booklet on knowledge of selected aspects of home care among care givers of patients with stroke in an urban community of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of planned teaching on the knowledge, attitude and practice of women regarding breast self examination in selected urban community of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of planned teaching on knowledge of mothers regarding vitamin A requirements, sources, deficiency and it's prophylaxis among under five children from a selected urban area of Mehasana.
  • ü  A Cross-sectional study to assess the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus among the elderly and their health seeking behaviour in the urban area of Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess the prevalence of Malnutrition among under five children and its relationship with Mother's knowledge and practices related to Childs Nutrition in the urban area of Mehasana
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching programme on oral hygiene status of school children in the age group 6-14 years in an urban school of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of iron supplement verses iron supplement with health teaching on anemia on the hemoglobin level of women with anemia in selected areas of Mehasana district.
  • ü  Effect of planned teaching on knowledge regarding selected aspects of care of infants among the mothers from villages of Mehasana district.
  • ü  Effect of planned teaching on the knowledge of selected aspects of Bio medical waste management among Health workers from urban health center of Mehasana city.
  • ü  Effectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge of Safety Precaution to be followed by Senior Citizens in home setting in a selected area of Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effect of Planned Teaching on Stress Management
    during Adolescent Period in selected schools in Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess the emotional problems among elderly people residing
    in selected old age homes in Mehasana city in a view to develop an information booklet.
  • ü  A Study to assess the prevalence of Anemia and its association with
    selected variables among adolescent girls in the selected schools of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the perceived barriers for Noncompliance of immunization by the parents of 0-5 year’s children residing in selected area
    of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge
    about disaster preparedness among people residing in selected area of
    Mehasana city.
  • ü  Effectiveness of an awareness programme on disaster preparedness and mitigation among school teachers in selected schools of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to Evaluate the effectiveness of Individual and Family Awareness Programme on clinical profile, Health belief indicators, Knowledge and compliance to dots among patients with tuberculosis attending selected health centres of Mehasana District, Gujarata.
  • ü  A study to determine the quality of life and to assess the effectiveness of nurse directed intervention on knowledge and health promotion behaviours of Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the selected community centers of Mehasana District, Gujarat.
  • ü  Effectiveness of a planned teaching programme on environmental health among the Anganwadi teachers in selected Anganwadi centres of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to determine the prevalence of vision loss and related risk factors among the individuals of 45 years and above in a selected village of Mehasana district.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of ‘vibratory audio-visual stimulation’ (VAVS) to reduce ‘acute evoked procedural pain’ (AEPP) experienced by the individuals, during an invasive nursing procedure, in a selected Community Health Centre, Mehasana district  
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  • CHILD HEALTH (PAEDIATRIC) NURSING
  • ü  Effectiveness of Planned nursing intervention on knowledge and practices of selected aspects of care provided by caregivers of children with Colostomy of selected hospitals in Mehasana.
  • ü  Effectiveness of Instructional Module on the knowledge and practices of Caregivers whose children are on Chemotherapy in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effectiveness of Planned teaching on knowledge & practices of children with type I Diabetes Mellitus in relation to selected aspects of self care in a selected hospital in Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study of knowledge of significant others having school age children with Thalassemia major admitted in selected hospital in Ahmadabad.
  • ü  A Study of knowledge of adolescents who are suffering with tuberculosis, regarding anti tuberculosis treatment and its compliance, from various hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study of effectiveness of planned teaching regarding measles vaccine to the mothers in a selected hospital in Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study of Effect of planned teaching on parental knowledge about disorder that is seizure and knowledge of practices in relation to its management.
  • ü  A Study of the effect of planned teaching on knowledge and knowledge of practices of mothers in relation to selected aspects of care of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia in selected hospitals in Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching on knowledge and practices of mothers of children 0-5 years regarding acute upper respiratory tract infection in selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Comparative study to assess the effectiveness of nesting on posture and
    movement in healthy preterm infants lying in supine position in and out of the nest from selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching on the knowledge and practices of mothers of children 0-5 years on prevention and management of diarrhea in selected urban area of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of planned preoperative play intervention on selected parameters of
    children undergoing abdominal surgery in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effectiveness of an information booklet on knowledge and practice of selected aspects of care provided by caregiver of children on ventilator in selected hospitals, Ahmadabad.
  • ü  Effect of an information booklet on knowledge and practice of caregivers
    regarding care of children with nephrotic syndrome in selected hospitals of
    Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess the Practices in invasive Procedures in NICU and Paediatric ward as followed by the Health care workers of a tertiary level hospital and subsequently develops standard operating Procedures.
  • ü  A Cross sectional study to determine the factors causing failure to thrive in children under five years with congenital heart diseases undergoing treatment in selected tertiary care hospitals in Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study of the effect of planned teaching on knowledge of planning of pregnancy among Thalassaemic patients from reproductive age group in Ahmadabad city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effect of planned teaching of knowledge in relation to congenital anomalies to newly married couples in selected community, Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of Planned Health teaching
    programme regarding Kangaroo Mother Care on knowledge practice and
    attitude of Mothers delivered in selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge
    of Mothers regarding home management of selected common illnesses
    children (2 months to 5 Years) residing in selected Urban area of Mehasana
    city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of oil massage therapy on weight of the low birth weight babies admitted in Neonatal intensive care unit of selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of Deep breathing exercises along with the postural drainage in the children (Age-6-12 years) affected with lower respiratory tract infections admitted in the selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Comparative study to assess the efficacy of Peripheral IV line cannula
    site with splint and without splint application on the functional duration of peripheral IV cannula in neonates admitted in a selected hospital of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of an information booklet on knowledge regarding Home care of children with cerebral palsy among the care givers of selected special schools of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of self instructional module on the knowledge and practices of mothers regarding care of low birth weight babies in the postnatal wards of selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the prevalence of behavioural problems in children with chronic kidney disorders receiving health care from tertiary level hospital of Ahmadabad.
  • ü  A Study to evaluate the effects of music therapy on pain intensity and physiological parameters among post operative children in Pediatric wards of selected hospital in Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of planned teaching on knowledge of preprimary school teachers regarding autism in selected schools of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of information booklet on the knowledge and practice of staff nurses regarding selected aspects of prevention of nosocomial infection in pediatric wards of selected Hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effect of planned nursing intervention on cardiopulmonary parameters and behavioral responses of children with pneumonia in selected hospitals in Mehasana.
  • ü  A comparative study to assess the effectiveness of videotaped instruction and personal instruction on child CPR among third year B.Sc. nursing students of selected colleges of Mehasana District.
  • ü  Effectiveness of facilitated tucking in reducing the pain response during venipuncture among preterm neonates admitted in NICU and postnatal wards of selected hospitals, Gujarat State.
  • ü  A study to determine the health related quality of life of hospitalized children with chronic illness and its association with selected variables in selected hospitals of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of an awareness programme on knowledge and attitude about Epilepsy in children among teachers in selected anganawadi’s of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of an educational programme on body mechanics in terms knowledge and observed practice among the school age children in the Selected schools of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to assess the effectiveness of skin tap technique on pain response during Diphtheria Pertusis Tetanus (DPT) injection among infants in various subcenter of Mehasana District.
  • ü  Effectiveness of breast massage on experience of breast milk expression and volume among mothers of preterm neonates admitted to NICU of selected hospitals Gujarat State.
  • ü  A Study on the effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching on detection of visual impairments in children, among teachers in primary schools at Mehasana district, Gujarat.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of child to mother approach of health education on environmental health among children of selected upper primary schools of Mehasana District, Gujarat.
  • ü  Effectiveness of a self-instructional module on administration of pediatric medications among the staff nurses in a selected hospital of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on Physiological Parameters of Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants, in selected hospitals of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of a competency based teaching programme on prevention of Neonatal hypothermia for staff nurses in selected hospital of Mehasana, Gujarat.
  • ü  A study to assess the growth and development of toddlers, in relation to selected environmental variables in selected areas of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to assess the effectiveness of a teaching programme on brushing technique on the dental status of children in selected schools of Mehasana District, Gujarat.
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  • MENTAL HEALTH (PSYCHIATRIC) NURSING
  • ü  Effectiveness of information booklet for care givers regarding care of Schizophrenia patient in Hospital of Mental Health, Delhi Darwaja, Ahmadabad.
  • ü  A Study to assess the level of anxiety and depression in clients with epilepsy in selected hospitals of Ahmadabad city.
  • ü  A Comparative study to assess the caregiver burden among caregivers of sober and relapse alcoholics from selected areas of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching on the attitude of students towards persons suffering from mental illness in selected college of Mehasana City.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching on quality of life of caretakers of mentally challenged children between age group 5-18 years in selected hospital and special schools for mentally challenged of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching on alcohol abuse in adolescents from a selected school and junior college in Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge of electroconvulsive therapy among family members of mentally ill patients in selected hospitals at North Gujarat region.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among primary school teachers in selected schools of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A Comparative study to assess the knowledge of Anorexia Narvosa among
    adolescent girls in selected Rural and Urban areas of North Gujarat Region.
  • ü  An Exploratory study to assess the perceived biopsychosocial problems and coping strategies adopted by postmenopausal women in selected urban area of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of an information booklet on knowledge regarding Alzheimer's disease among senior citizens in selected senior citizen clubs of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study assesses the knowledge of primary school teachers regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in selected Government schools of Mehasana city.
  • ü  An Exploratory study to assess the psychosocial problems and coping strategies adopted by the senior citizens residing in selected urban area of Mehasana city.
  • ü  Assessment of Anxiety level & coping strategies amongst students from selected undergraduate professional colleges of Mehasana to develop a self instructional Module.
  • ü  Assessment on factors influencing Suicidal ideation and its coping strategies among adolescents of 15 to 17 years from selected educational institute at Mehasana city.
  • ü  The role of Media and Telecommunication on Behavioral patterns among school going children of selected educational Institutes of Mehasana.
  • ü  Assessment of psychosomatic symptoms of menstruation among adolescent girls studying in selected educational institutes of Mehasana.
  • ü  Assessment of the causes of Psychiatric readmissions in selected inpatient mental health set ups of Ahmadabad in view to prepare Psychoeducational module.
  • ü  Effectiveness of progressive Muscle relaxation technique on generalized Anxiety of elderly Orthopedic patients in selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A descriptive study to assess the eating habits among the adolescents
    (13 years -19 years) in selected schools and Junior colleges of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A study to assess the problems faced by the children of alcohol dependents residing in selected areas of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching on knowledge about Nicotine dependence among adolescents in selected areas of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge about rehabilitation of people living with HIV/AIDS among the nurses of selected hospitals of Ahmadabad city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the adjustment problems faced by the first year basic B.Sc. Nursing students of selected colleges of nursing in Mehasana city.
  • ü  A study to assess the problems faced by the family members of mentally challenged individuals residing in selected areas of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A study to assess the codependency and depressive symptoms among care givers of alcoholics in Hospital of Mental Health, Delhi Darwaja, Ahmadabad.
  • ü  Speech intelligibility and its influence on mental health and self esteem among adolescents with hearing impairment in selected special schools of Gujarat.
  • ü  Effectiveness of an awareness program on knowledge about dementia among adults in a selected village of Mehasana District, Gujarat.
  • ü  Effectiveness of a video assisted teaching on Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) in improving the knowledge and attitude of public in selected villages of Mehasana District, Gujarat.
  • ü  A study to assess the effectiveness of a video awareness programme regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among primary school teachers of selected institutions of Mehasana District, Gujarat, India.
  • ü  A study to determine the knowledge on HIV / AIDS and alcohol abuse pattern among patients with alcoholism and its influence on sexual behaviour in selected hospitals of Mehasana District, Gujarat.
  • ü  A correlative study on life events, depressive features and perceived social support among patients with Diabetic mellitus in selected hospitals of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of therapeutic play on anxiety among hospitalized preschool children in selected Hospital, Mehasana.
  • ü  A study to determine the knowledge and attitude of mothers regarding prevention of child sexual abuse in a selected village in Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to assess the stress and coping among widows residing in selected areas of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to evaluate the effectiveness of assertiveness training programme towards prevention of abuses among adolescent girls from selected schools of Mehasana, Gujarat
  • ü  An evaluative study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on awareness (knowledge & attitude) towards mental illness among general public of Mehasana district, Gujarat.
  • ü  A comparative study on stress, coping strategies and quality of life of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in Mehasana District, Gujarat.
  • ü  A Co-relative study of burden & coping strategies among the care givers of patients with affective disorder in selected hospital of Ahmadabad, Gujarat.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of an awareness program on knowledge on substance abuse and its consequences among the adolescents in a selected schools of Mehasana District, Gujarat.
  • ü  A study of assess the knowledge and attitude regarding mental illness among staff nurses in selected hospitals of Mehasana, Gujarat.
  • ü  Effectiveness of an information booklet on care of attempted suicide patients for staff nurses in a selected hospital of Gujarat.
  • ü  A comparative study to determine the perceived human rights between people with mental illness and normal individual in Mehasana district, Gujarat.
  • OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGICAL NURSING
  • ü  A Study to assess the Knowledge and Practices of Partograph during labour among midwives in selected primary health centers from Mehasana District.
  • ü  Assess the effect of an Planned Teaching on Legal and Ethical aspects related to Obstetrics Nursing among staff Nurses working in Government Hospitals in Mehasana City.
  • ü  A Study to assess the knowledge of Practices about self care of antenatal mothers with Diabetes Mellitus in selected hospitals of Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess the knowledge of women in the reproductive age group regarding contraceptive methods.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effect of planned teaching in relation to selected aspects of PIH among antenatal mothers in Government Hospital Mehasana.
  • ü  A Comparative study to assess relationship of placental weight in normal pregnant women & anemic pregnant women ranging between age group of 20-35 years in selected hospital of Mehasana
  • ü  A study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching on knowledge regarding antenatal care among pregnant mothers in selected hospitals in Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching regarding knowledge of cervical cancer among commercial sex workers residing in Ahmadabad City.
  • ü  A Comparative study to assess the effectiveness of moist heat and dry heat application on healing of episiotomy wound in post natal mothers in selected hospitals of Mehasana City.
  • ü  A study to assess the knowledge and attitudes regarding use of emergency contraceptive pills as a method of contraception among female students from selected colleges of Mehasana city.
  • ü  Knowledge, attitude and practice's of family planning method amongst the eligible couples in selected area of Mehasana.
  • ü  Effectiveness of patterned breathing on the progress of labour during first stage of labour in primiparas in selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A comparative study to assess the anxiety level of hospitalized and non hospitalized women with high risk pregnancy availing the services of the tertiary level hospital Mehasana.
  • ü  A study to determine the Proportion of various factors associated with infertility among couples visiting the infertility clinic of a tertiary level hospital in Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effects of Pranayama on quality of life (QOL) and Blood pressure among menopausal women in the urban Community of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching on pregnancy induced hypertension among gravid mothers attending antenatal clinic in selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge and practices of expressed Breast Milk among postnatal working mothers in selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the knowledge and effectiveness of Planned teaching regarding Breast Self Examination (BSE) among working women in Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess the knowledge and effectiveness of an information booklet regarding lifestyle modifications in polycystic ovarian disease among the college students (Arts and Science) of Mehasana city.
  • ü  A Study to assess perimenopausal symptoms and coping strategies adopted by registered nurses of selected hospitals of Mehasana city.
  • ü  Effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation versus oral intake of Ginger Powder on the selected symptoms of Dysmenorrheal amongst the nursing students at selected educational institutes in Mehasana.
  • ü  A Study to assess the effect of child birth education on intrapartum coping
    behaviours of primiparous women in a selected maternity center of a
    tertiary level hospital in Ahmadabad.
  • ü  A study to determine the knowledge and attitude of married women in the reproductive age group regarding emergency contraception in selected rural areas of Mehasana District.
  • ü  A study to assess the risk of developing vaginal Candidiasis among pregnant women and to find effectiveness of Vaginal Candidiasis in selected hospitals, Mehasana District.
  • ü  An exploratory survey to identify the adolescents with high risk for polycystic ovarian syndrome and to find the effectiveness of an awareness programme among students of pre university colleges of Mehasana district.
  • ü  Effectiveness of preoperative instruction on post – operative outcome measures among women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy in a selected hospital, Mehasana, Gujarat.
  • ü  A study to determine the correlation between staff nurses’ performance and structural empowerment, and competencies of nurse managers, In selected hospital at Ahmadabad.
  • ü  Self-care agency, self-care practices, developmental self-care requisites and its correlation with selected basic conditioning factors among post menarcheal girls from selected high schools, In Mehasana district, Gujarat – A test of orem’s theory of self care.
  • ü  A study to evaluate the effectiveness of acupressure on menstrual discomforts severity among adolescent girls in selected higher secondary schools of Mehasana District, Gujarat.
  • ü  Effectiveness of child birth preparation class in terms of behavioral responses during first stage of labour and outcome of labour among primigravid women in selected hospitals of Mehasana district, Gujarat.
  • ü  A randomized controlled trial of video teaching over lecture cum demonstration in improving knowledge & skill of nursing students on antenatal examination, in a selected college of nursing in Mehasana district.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding selected aspects of planned parenthood among degree college students of Mehasana District.
  • ü  Effectiveness of a planned teaching programme on antenatal care for primigravid women attending selected Hospital of Mehasana.
  • ü  A study to determine biopsychosocial well-being and the family support of menopausal women in selected hospitals of Mehasana District, Gujarat.
  • ü  A study to determine the effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), on pain and behavioral responses of primigravid women during the first stage of labour, in selected hospitals of Gujarat.
  • ü  A study to identify the knowledge, practice and utilization of the components of Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) program among married women in the selected villages of Mehasana district.