Health
- As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO): state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Characteristics
- A concern for the individual as a total system
- A view of health that identifies internal and external environment
- An acknowledgment of the importance of an individual’s role in life
Models of Health and Illness
1. Health-Illness Continuum (Neuman) – Degree of client wellness that exists at any point in time, ranging from an optimal wellnesscondition, with available energy at its maximum, to death which represents total energy depletion.2. High – Level Wellness Model (Halbert Dunn) – It is oriented toward maximizing the health potential of an individual.This model requires the individual to maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment.
3. Agent – Host – environment Model (Leavell) – The level of health of an individual or group depends on the dynamic relationship of the agent, host and environment
- Agent – any internal or external factor that disease or illness.
- Host – the person or persons who may be susceptible to a particular illness or disease
- Environment – consists of all factors outside of the host
Four Components
- The individual is perception of susceptibility to an illness
- The individual’s perception of the seriousness of the illness
- The perceived threat of a disease
- The perceived benefits of taking the necessary preventive measures
- Life events
- Life style determinants
- Evolutionary viability within the social context
- Control perceptions
- Viability emotions
- Health outcomes
- It identifies factors (demographic and socially) enhance or decrease the participation in health promotion
- It organizes cues into pattern to explain likelihood of a client’s participation health-promotion behaviors
- It explains the reasons that individuals engage in health activities
Illness
- State in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social developmental or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired. It is a condition characterized by a deviation from a normal, healthy state.
3 Stages of Illness
- Stage of Denial – Refusal to acknowledge illness; anxiety, fear, irritability and aggressiveness.
- Stage of Acceptance – Turns to professional help for assistance
- Stage of Recovery (Rehabilitation or Convalescence) – The patient goes through of resolving loss or impairment of function
Rehabilitation
- A dynamic, health oriented process that assists individual who is ill or disabled to achieve his greatest possible level of physical, mental, spiritual, social and economical functioning.
- Abilities not disabilities are emphasized.
- Begins during initial contact with the patient
- Emphasis is on restoring the patient to independence or regain his pre-illness/predisability level of function as short a time as possible
- Patient must be an active participant in the rehabilitation goal setting an din rehabilitation process.
Focuses of Rehabilitation
- Coping pattern
- Functional ability – focuses on self-care: activities of daily living (ADL); feeding, bathing/hygiene, dressing/grooming, toileting and mobility
- Mobility
- Integrity of skin
- Control of bowel and bladder function
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