Nursing Path

CARING is the essence of NURSING. -Jean Watson

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Knowing is not enough, we must APPLY. Willing is not enough, we must DO. -Bruce Lee

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Treat the patient as a whole, not just the hole in the patient.

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Success is not final. Failure is not fatal. It is the courage to continue that counts. -Winston Churchill

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A problem is a chance for you to do your best. -Duke Ellington

Daily exercise in early old age may stave off later heart disease

February 23, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

At least 20 minutes of exercise a day at the age of 70 may best stave off major heart disease, including heart failure, in late old age, according to Italian researchers. As a result, cardiovascular benefits might be achieved by improving physical activity “earlier in…

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Boosting MS nurse provision ‘matter of urgency’, warns charity

February 22, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

An additional 150 multiple sclerosis (MS) specialist nurses are needed across the UK to meet demand, according to a leading charity, which has laid bare the concerning number of staff working above recommended caseload levels. The MS Trust has today revealed the results of two…

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Living with Covid-19: What new plan means for nurses

February 22, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

The emergency nursing register and free testing for NHS nurses are among the Covid-19 measures that look set to end, under the prime minister’s new plan for living with the virus in the long term. Speaking in the House of Commons yesterday, Boris Johnson said…

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Open letter calls on ONS to update ‘nurse’ occupational category

February 22, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

The body that leads on the collection and publication of statistics in the UK is being urged to update the way it records data relating to registered nurses. A group of nurses has written an open letter, which is accepting signatories, to the Office for…

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Ketamine an ‘effective treatment’ for some suicidal hospital patients

February 22, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

Ketamine can be a fast-acting, efficient treatment for patients hospitalised for severe suicidal thoughts, according to a clinical trial in France. The results suggest that some patients with severe suicidal ideation, particularly those with bipolar disorder, could benefit from ketamine, as current treatment options are…

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Physical activity monitors have ‘small to moderate’ impact in adults

February 22, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

Physical activity monitors, such as fitness apps and wearable activity trackers, that provide direct feedback to users, do help to boost activity levels in adults, according to researchers. However, the effects are small to moderate, equivalent to around 1,200 extra steps a day and 50…

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‘Most vulnerable’ to be offered extra Covid-19 booster jab this spring

February 21, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

An additional Covid-19 booster is to be offered to individuals across the UK who are deemed most vulnerable, including residents in care homes for older adults, the government has announced. Today, health and social care secretary Sajid Javid confirmed he had accepted latest advice from…

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Mental health nurses ‘sharing what role is actually like’ on awareness day

February 21, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

Social media is being flooded with posts about why mental health and mental health nursing are important, as part of an annual campaign launched by a nurse. Today marks the third Mental Health Nurses’ Day, which was created by mental health nurse Ed Freshwater in…

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Nurse part of team bringing home Olympic gold for Team GB

February 21, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

A surgical nurse from Scotland has been crowned an Olympic curling champion at the 2022 winter games. Vicky Wright, of NHS Forth Valley, and her teammates have brought home Great Britain’s only gold medal, after beating Japan 10-3 in the women’s curling final on Sunday.…

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‘Increased risk’ of mental health disorders after Covid-19 infection

February 21, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

Covid-19 is associated with an increased risk of mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, substance use, and sleep disorders, up to a year after initial infection, a study suggests. The findings, published in the British Medical Journal, suggest that tackling mental health disorders among survivors…

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Amphetamine use linked to five-fold heightened risk of psychosis

February 21, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

The illicit use of amphetamines, commonly known as ‘speed’, is linked to a five-fold heightened risk of psychosis, according to findings from a long-term study. Those behind the research said the increased risk was seen across all age groups, but was especially noticeable in women…

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Nutrition and Biochemistry Quiz Series - 19

February 19, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

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TISSUE

February 19, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

Definition: Tissue may refer to a group of biological cells that perform a similar way to function.

Histology: It is a branch of medical science which deal with the study of tissue.

Types of Tissue

1.     Epithelium Tissue:

·       (EpI-Upon Thelium-membrane)

·       This tissue grows upon a basement membrane.

·  Epithelial layers contain no blood vessels, so they must receive nourishment via diffusion of substances from the underlying connective tissue, through the basement membrane.

Classification of Epithelium Tissue:


A.    Based on number of layers:

·       Simple Epithelium: It is a single layered or one cell thick. Every cell in direct contact with the underlying basement membrane

·       Stratified Epithelium: It is multi-layered.

B.    Morphology of their cells:

·       Squamous epithelium (flat and scale like cells)

·       Cuboidal epithelium (Cube-shaped cells)

·       Columnar epithelium (Column-Shaped cells)

Epithelium tissue is present in outer layer of skin, inner lining of mouth, digestive tract, visceral organ, blood vessels and glands.

Functions of Epithelium Tissue

·       This tissue is responsible for absorption of water & nutrient, elimination of waste, secretion of enzymes, hormones and protection.

 

2.     Connective Tissue: Connective tissue that connects supports, bind or separates other tissues or organs. All connective tissue consists of three main components:

·       The cells of connective tissue include fibroblast, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells etc.

·       The fibers: elastic, collagenous fibers.

·       The ground substances (matrix)

Types of Connective tissue:

There are three types of connective tissue:

a)     Fibrous connective tissue: e.g. Adipose tissue, Areolar tissue

·       Ligaments: the fibrous connective tissue which joint bone to bone strongest ligaments of human body is illio femoral ligament which joint hip joint (ilium) to femur in front of the joint.

·       Tendon: The fibrous connective tissue which joint bone to muscle. Strongest tendon of human body is Achilles tendon of heal cord or calcaneal tendon, situated at back of the leg, which joint the heal bone to calf muscle.

b)    Skeletal connective tissue: It include bone and cartilage

·       Osteoblast: bone forming cell.

·       Osteoclast: bone destructing or shaping cell.

·       Chondroblast: cartilage forming cell.

v The fibrous connective tissue and skeletal connective tissue provide the mechanical support to human body.

c)     Fluid connective tissue:

·       It includes blood, plasma and lymph.

·       The matrix of fluid connective tissue is in liquid state.

 

3.     Muscular Tissue: muscular tissue is soft tissue that composes muscle and gives rise to muscle ability to contract.

·       Myocyte: Muscle forming cell.

·       Myogenesis: The process of muscle formation.

Types of Muscular tissue:

There are three types of muscle in human body:

a)     Skeletal muscle: they are striated in structure and under voluntary control is situated in association with skeletal muscle are multinucleated usually. The skeletal muscles form 40 to 50% of body mass.

·       Sarcomere: it is defining as the structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle. It is also called the basic contractile unit of muscle.

·       Functions: they carry out movement of the body, maintain the posture of the body and support the body.

b)    Smooth muscle: Smooth muscle is situated in association with visceral, it is also called visceral muscle. They are Non-striated and Involuntary in nature.

·       Function: they are responsible for the contractility of hollow organs, such as blood vessels, GI Tract, bladder etc.

c)     Cardiac Muscle: They forms the musculature (myocardium) of the heart. These muscles are striated and Involuntary in nature.

·       Function: cardiac muscles are the self –contacting, automatically regulated and must continue to contract in rhythmic fashion for the whole life of the human.

4.     Nervous Tissue: Nervous tissue consists of Neurons and supporting cells.

·       Neuron or nerve cell is defined as the structural and functional unit of nervous system.

·       Neuron is similar to any other cell in the body having nucleus and all the organelles in cytoplasm, however, it is different from other cell by two ways:

                      i.          Neuron has branches or processes called Axon and Dendrites.

                    ii.          Neuron does not have centrosome, so it cannot undergo division that’s why have minimum power or regeneration.

Types of Nervous tissue:

On the basis of function, nerve cells are classified in to two types:

a)     Sensory or afferent Neurons: They carry the sensory impulses from periphery to CNS.

b)    Motor or Efferent neurons: They carry the motor impulses from CNS to periphery.

v Synapse: The junction by which the neurons communicate with each other.

Anatomy and Physiology Quiz Series 

Coronary Artery Disease 



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Health bodies demand ‘cautious and evidence-led approach’ to ending Covid-19 rules

February 19, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

Any move to scrap remaining Covid-19 restrictions must be done with caution and with the backing of “sound” scientific evidence, nursing and other health leaders have warned. Next week the government is expected to outline its plan for “living with Covid-19”, which is rumoured to…

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Switching asthma patients to dry powder inhaler is ‘greener option’

February 18, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

Switching patients with asthma from a metered-dose inhaler to a dry powder inhaler more than halves the carbon footprint of treatment without worsening symptoms, according to UK researchers. They suggest that such a substitution would be an acceptable and worthwhile “green” option for most patients…

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Nuffield Health appoints former Army CNO as new clinical director

February 18, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

The former chief nursing officer of the British Army, who helped the NHS set up the Nightingale Hospitals in response to Covid-19, is taking on a new role in the independent health sector. Alison McCourt has been appointed as Nuffield Health’s clinical services director to…

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Third of older adults ‘develop new conditions’ after Covid-19 infection

February 18, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

A high proportion of older patients go on to develop a new condition requiring contact with healthcare services, following infection with Covid-19, according to researchers. They said their findings could help anticipate the scale of future health complications and improve planning for use of healthcare…

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Nutrition and Biochemistry Quiz Series - 18

February 18, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

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Nutrition and Biochemistry Quiz Series - 17

February 18, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

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Nutrition and Biochemistry Quiz Series - 16

February 18, 2022  Nursing Path  No comments

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